the aspect of malware, since some sophisticated malware that can bypass the signature detection would emerge with the development of the defense system, new defense mechanisms will be required. At the same time, our work considers the case of OS-targeting malware. Although most of the current existing malware is OS targeted, cross-OS malware will emerge and propagate in the near future. How to efficiently deploy the defense system with the consideration of cross-OS malware is another important problem information low tracking as a whole, elaborate on thesetroubling discoveries, and argue that no matter the performance improvements or adjustments made to correct the metadata for information low tracking, it will be impossible to provide useful data for the prevention of data leakage without addressing and resolving common practices prevalent across legacy software.