Double Trouble: Differentiating IdenticalTwins by Face Recognition
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Endogeneity of between-twins schooling variation is strongly suggested by the extensive (mostly non-economic) literature documenting that the between-twins difference in birth weight is correlated with the between-twins differences in both schooling and IQ. We conclude that twins-based estimation is vulnerable to the same sort of inconsistency that afflicts conventional cross-sectional estimation. The most common research strategy has been to apply least squares to a regression of the log wage rate on years of schooling and some control variables with a sample from a general population survey such as the decennial census, the Current Population Survey, or the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The result between-twins estimates of the return to schooling are vulnerable to an endogeneity inconsistency similar to the one that afflicts conventional cross-sectional estimates. We therefore disagree with the proposition that the new twins-based studies have solved the return-to-schooling literature’s chronic identification problem. All matchers, how-ever, saw degradation in performance compared to an ex-periment where the ability to distinguish unrelated persons was assessed. In particular, lighting and expression seemed to have affected performance the most. The most significant variables that can affect recognition systems seems to be expression and lighting. By using marks on the face as recognition features, however, these variables would be less noticeable. The glasses would not be as much of a problem either since the eye area is masked.
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