Description

A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is a function that converts digital data into an analog signal. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs the reverse function. Unlike analog signals, digital data can be transmitted, manipulated, and stored without degradation, albeit with more complex equipment. But a DAC is needed to convert the digital signal to analog to drive an earphone or loudspeaker amplifier in order to produce sound. Design for Test stands for IC design techniques that add certain testability features to a hardware product design. The premise of the added features is that they make it easier to develop and apply manufacturing tests for the designed hardware. The basic DAC architecture is used to many type of digital system. Digital systems are more concerned with the logic state of an output that defined as logic 1 or 0 rather than a specific voltage. The Kelvin divider circuit is modifying the resistor and buffer connection based on string DACs. This resistor connection is used to divide the reference voltage level effectively. The Unbuffered DAC circuit is to remove the buffer element in overall DAC circuit design. This design is to optimize the circuit complexity level. Our work is to design a Kelvin divider and Unbuffered DAC circuit using segmented technique. This technique is to optimize the circuit complexity level and to improve the DAC system performance level. Proposed system is to design a Kelvin divider string DAC circuit design using segmented logic. This logic is to modify the reference voltage based conversion process. Another design is Unbuffered DAC cmos circuit using segmented technique. A resistor-based approach for the 7-bit DAC where the 3 MSBs are fully decoded and the 4 LSBs are derived from an R-2R network. This system is to satisfy the less complex and high accuracy level.