Description

Underwater sensor networks were recently proposed to support time-critical aquatic applications such as submarine tracking and harbor monitoring. Unlike traditional tethered sensors, a large number of underwater mobile sensor nodes are dropped to the venue of interest to form a SEA Swarm (Sensor Equipped Aquatic Swarm) that moves as a group with water current. Each sensor is equipped with a low bandwidth acoustic modem and with various sensors. Moreover, it can control its depth through a fish-like bladder apparatus and a pressure gauge. The swarm is escorted by sonobuoys at the sea surface that are equipped with both acoustic and communications and GPS. Sensor Equipped Aquatic (SEA) swarm is essential to monitor local underwater events such as contaminants, marine life and intruders. This SEA placed on the surface using sonobuoys, it collect data from the underwater sensors via acoustic modems and report it in real-time via radio to a monitoring center. For achieving efficient bandwidth and energy Propose efficient protocol that is hydraulic pressure-based anycast routing protocol that exploits the measured pressure levels to route data to the surface sonobuoy. A novel opportunistic routing mechanism to select the subset of forwarders that maximizes the greedy progress yet limits co-channel interference and an efficient underwater dead end recovery method that outperforms the recently proposed approaches. The main objective of this is to tolerate the following challenges. Ocean current (bandwidth) Limited resources (energy). For providing efficient packet delivery. For determining efficient routing path. These challenges are achieved by using HYDROCAST.