Description

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based effective clustering in wireless sensor networks is proposed. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), OEERP (optimized energy efficient routing protocol), BCDCP (Base-station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol), DRINA (Data Routing for In-Network Aggregation), NEEC (Novel Energy Efficient Cluster). It is observed that, the major limitation of existing clustering protocols is residual node formation which affects the entire network lifetime severely. While clustering using OEERP, some nodes are left out in the network without being a member of any of the cluster in time t1. After sometime, the same individual nodes may become member of any cluster in the network and some other nodes may become left out nodes during next cluster formation. The proposed E-OEERP reduces/eliminates such individual node formation and improves the overall network lifetime when compared with the existing protocols. It can be achieved by applying the concepts of PSO and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) for cluster formation and routing, respectively. For each cluster head (CH), a supportive node called cluster assistant node is elected to reduce the overhead of the CH. With the help of PSO, clustering is performed until all the nodes become a member of any of the cluster. This eliminates the individual node formation which results in comparatively better network lifetime. With the concept of GSA, the term force between the CHs is considered for finding the next best hop during route construction phase. The performance of the proposed work in terms of energy consumption, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime are evaluated and compared with the existing OEERP, low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, data routing for in-network aggregation, base-station controlled dynamic clustering protocols. This project is simulated using NS-2 simulator. The results prove that, the proposed E-OEERP shows better performance in terms of lifetime.