Description

An area-efficient high-resolution resistor-string digital-to-analog converter (R-DAC) with a reverse ordering scheme for active matrix flat-panel display data driver ICs. The proposed R-DAC is implemented in a two-stage DAC along with a DAC-embedded amplifier. The reverse ordering scheme reduces the area of the proposed R-DAC, which occupies most of the area of the data driver IC. To verify the reverse ordering scheme, a 640-channel data driver IC with a 12-bit twostage DAC was fabricated using a 0.18- m CMOS process with 1.8 V and 18 V devices.