Geospatial data provenance records the derivationhistory of a geospatial data product. It is important in evaluatingthe quality of data products. In a Geospatial Web Service environment where data are often disseminated and processed widelyand frequently in an unpredictable way, it is even more importantin identifying original data sources, tracing workflows, updatingor reproducing scientific results, and evaluating reliability andquality of geospatial data products. Geospatial data provenancehas become a fundamental issue in establishing the spatial datainfrastructure (SDI). This paper investigates how to supportprovenance awareness in SDI. It addresses key issues includingprovenance modeling, capturing, and sharing in a SDI enabledby interoperable geospatial services. A reference architecturefor provenance tracking is proposed, which can accommodategeospatial feature provenance at different levels of granularity.Open standards from ISO, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C),and OGC are leveraged to facilitate the interoperability. At thefeature type level, this paper proposes extensions of W3C PROVXML for ISO 19115 lineage and “Parent Level” provenanceregistration in the geospatial catalog service. At the featureinstance level, light-weight lineage information entities for featureprovenance are proposed and managed by Web Feature Services.Experiments demonstrate the applicability of the approach forcreating provenance awareness in an interoperable geospatialservice-oriented environment